Risk Factors for Early and Late Onset Preeclampsia in Reunion Island: Multivariate Analysis of Singleton and Twin Pregnancies. A 20-Year Population-Based Cohort of 2120 Preeclampsia Cases

Objectives: To develop a multivariate model for risk factors specific to early onset preeclampsia (EOP) and late (LOP) in our entire population (singleton twin pregnancies). Material methods: 20 year-observational population-based historical cohort study (2001–2020). All consecutive births delivered at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud Reunion’s maternity ward. A standardized validated epidemiological perinatal database was used. Results: During 20-year period, there were 81,834 pregnancies 83,497 infants born, 1232 dichorionic 350 monochorionic pregnancies. There 2120 cases of preeclampsia, which 2001 preeclamptic singleton 119 (incidence 7.5% vs. 2.5% singletons, OR 3.0, p < 0.001). Independent EOP LOP (controlling two major confounders: maternal ages—both risks LOP, pre-pregnancy BMI—specific factor LOP) were: history (adjusted (aOR) 11.7 EOP, 7.8 0.0001), chronic hypertension (aOR 7.3 3.9 death 2.2 0.0001 1.48 = 0.007), primipaternity 3.0 3.6 0.001), dizygotic 3.7 2.1 0.003), monozygotic 3.98 0.003 non-significant (NS) LOP), ovulation induction 5.6 0.004 NS vitro fertilization 2.8 0.05 LOP). Specific EOP: renal diseases 2.9, 0.007) gestational diabetes mellitus 1.2, 0.04). Conclusions: Maternal ages over 35 years, hypertension, induction, fertilizations, deaths pregnancy (in experience, especially mono zygotic pregnancies) are significant EOP. New paternity is an independent both LOP.